Progress toward sustainable influenza vaccination in the Lao Peoples’ Democratic Republic, 2012–2018

Despite global recommendations for influenza vaccination of high-risk, target populations, few low and middle-income countries have national influenza vaccination programs. Between 2012 and 2017, Lao PDR planned and conducted a series of activities to develop its national influenza vaccine program as a part of its overall national immunization program. In this paper, we review the underlying strategic planning for this process, and outline the sequence of activities, research studies, partnerships, and policy decisions that were required to build Laos’ influenza vaccine program. The successful development and sustainability of the program in Laos offers lessons for other low and middle-income countries interested in initiating or expanding influenza immunization.     

Semi-perfusion cultures of suspension MDCK cells enable high cell concentrations and efficient influenza A virus production

Control and prevention of rapid influenza spread among humans depend on the availability of efficient and safe seasonal and pandemic vaccines, made primarily from inactivated influenza virus particles. Current influenza virus production processes rely heavily on embryonated chicken eggs or on cell culture as substrate for virus propagation. Today’s efforts towards process intensification in animal cell culture could innovate viral vaccine manufacturing using high-yield suspension cells in high cell density perfusion processes. In this work, we present a MDCK cell line adapted to grow as single cell suspension with a doubling time of less than 20 h, achieving cell concentrations over 1 × 10⁷ cells/mL in batch mode. Influenza A virus titer obtained in batch infections were 3.6 log₁₀(HAU/100 µL) for total- and 10⁹ virions/mL for infectious virus particles (TCID₅₀), respectively. In semi-perfusion mode concentrations up to 6 × 10⁷ cells/mL, accumulated virus titer of 4.5 log₁₀(HAU/100 µL) and infectious titer of almost 10¹⁰ virions/mL (TCID₅₀) were possible. This exceeds results reported previously for cell culture-based influenza virus propagation by far and suggests perfusion cultures as the preferred method in viral vaccine manufacturing.     

参黄洗液辅助吻合器痔环切手术治疗混合痔效果及其预后不良早期预警

目的:对参黄洗液辅助吻合器痔环切手术(PPH手术)在混合痔治疗中的效果及其预后不良早期预警的价值进行研究,为临床治疗和不良反应的防治提供数据参考。方法:选取2018年5-12月我院手术治疗的混合痔患者120例为研究对象,采用随机数表法分为观察组和对照组,每组60例。观察组采用参黄洗液辅助PPH手术治疗,对照组PPH术后采用高锰酸钾溶液坐浴治疗。术后辅助治疗20d后就疗效、不良反应及随访3个月的远期疗效进行评价和组间比较,并对观察组预后不良病例的早期反应进行分析。结果:观察组总有效率为96.67%(58/60),高于对照组86.67%(52/60)的总有效率(P<0.05);观察组不良反应发生率为21.67%(13/60),低于对照组31.67%(19/60)的不良反应发生率(P<0.05);观察组病例不良预后发生率为25.00%(15/60),低于对照组33.33%(20/60)的不良预后发生率(P<0.05)。结论:参黄洗液辅助PPH手术在混合痔治疗中具有疗效显著、安全性高、预后良好等优势,临床具有推广价值。     

早期电针干预对SAMP8小鼠学习记忆能力和海马磷酸化Tau蛋白水平的影响

目的:探讨早期电针"百会""大椎""肾俞"穴对快速老化小鼠(SAMP8小鼠)学习记忆能力和海马磷酸化Tau蛋白表达的影响,为临床电针治疗阿尔茨海默病(AD)时间点的选择提供参考。方法:将36只3月龄SAMP8小鼠随机分为模型组、3月龄电针组、9月龄电针组,每组12只;以12只同龄正常老化SAMR1小鼠作为空白对照组。3月龄电针组及9月龄电针组分别于小鼠3月龄及9月龄时予电针"百会""大椎""肾俞"穴治疗(连续波,2 Hz,1.5~2 mA),20 min/次,每日1次,8 d为一疗程,疗程间隔2 d,共治疗3个疗程。每组小鼠在水迷宫检测学习记忆能力结束后统一于10月龄取材;免疫组织化学法、免疫蛋白印迹法(Western blot)检测小鼠海马磷酸化Tau蛋白的表达,实时荧光定量PCR法检测小鼠海马Tau mRNA表达。结果:与空白对照组比较,模型组小鼠逃避潜伏期明显延长(P<0.01),原平台象限停留时间较短,跨越平台次数减少(P<0.01),海马磷酸化Tau蛋白及Tau mRNA表达较高(P<0.01);与模型组比较,3月龄电针组及9月龄电针组小鼠逃避潜伏期缩短(P<0.05),原平台象限停留时间延长,跨越平台次数增多(P<0.05),小鼠海马磷酸化Tau蛋白及Tau mRNA表达降低(P<0.05);与9月龄电针组比较,3月龄电针组小鼠逃避潜伏期缩短(P<0.05),原平台象限停留时间延长,跨越平台次数增多(P<0.05),海马磷酸化Tau蛋白及Tau mRNA表达降低(P<0.01)。结论:早期电针干预能更有效地改善SAMP8小鼠学习记忆能力并降低其海马磷酸化Tau蛋白水平。     

Plasma miRNA-based signatures in CRC screening programs

Colorectal cancer (CRC) screening programs help diagnose cancer precursors and early cancers and help reduce CRC mortality. However, currently recommended tests, the fecal immunochemical test (FIT) and colonoscopy, have low uptake. There is therefore a pressing need for screening strategies that are minimally invasive and consequently more acceptable to patients, most likely blood based, to increase early CRC identification. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) released from cancer cells are detectable in plasma in a remarkably stable form, making them ideal cancer biomarkers. Using plasma samples from FIT-positive (FIT+) subjects in an Italian CRC screening program, we aimed to identify plasma circulating miRNAs that detect early CRC. miRNAs were initially investigated by quantitative real-time PCR in plasma from 60 FIT+ subjects undergoing colonoscopy at Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, then tested on an internal validation cohort (IVC, 201 cases) and finally in a large multicenter prospective series (external validation cohort [EVC], 1121 cases). For each endoscopic lesion (low-grade adenoma [LgA], high-grade adenoma [HgA], cancer lesion [CL]), specific signatures were identified in the IVC and confirmed on the EVC. A two-miRNA-based signature for CL and six-miRNA signatures for LgA and HgA were selected. In a multivariate analysis including sex and age at blood collection, the areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (95% confidence interval) of the signatures were 0.644 (0.607–0.682), 0.670 (0.626–0.714) and 0.682 (0.580–0.785) for LgA, HgA and CL, respectively. A miRNA-based test could be introduced into the FIT+ workflow of CRC screening programs so as to schedule colonoscopies only for subjects likely to benefit most.     

早期康复治疗对急性脑卒中运动功能的影响

目的对急性脑卒中患者实施早期康复治疗,分析其对患者运动功能的影响。方法对本院2015年1月—2018年6月期间收治的急性脑卒中患者,从中选择50例进行研究。根据病历单双号进行分组,每组各25例。对照组患者接受常规治疗,观察组患者在此基础上应用早期康复治疗。对两组患者的运动功能进行分析和评价。结果对照组治疗前的Fugl-Meyer评分为(17.4±7.4)分,治疗后的评分为(57.9±15.4)分,观察组治疗前的Fugl-Meyer评分为(18.1±7.3)分,治疗后的评分为(71.3±15.2)分。观察组患者与对照组治疗前的Fugl-Meyer评分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),观察组治疗后的Fugl-Meyer评分明显高于对照组,两组相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论采用早期康复治疗对急性脑卒中患者进行治疗,可以明显改善患者的运动功能,具有较高的应用价值。     

A prospective,double-blind,randomized, placebo-controlled study on the efficacy and safety of influenza vaccination in myasthenia gravis

Objective

To investigate the efficacy and safety of an influenza vaccination in patients with myasthenia gravis with acetylcholine receptor antibodies (AChR MG).

早期卧位踏车训练对下肢重度烧伤患者的效果

目的探讨早期卧位踏车训练在下肢重度烧伤患者功能康复中的临床效果。方法2016年10月至2017年12月,下肢重度烧伤患者30例分为对照组和观察组,各15例。对照组采用常规综合康复,观察组此基础上增加早期卧位踏车训练。入院时和住院治疗6周后,采用焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)、疼痛数字评分法(NRS)、Berg平衡量表(BBS)和6分钟步行测试进行评定。结果治疗后,两组SAS、SDS、NRS评分均明显降低(t>3.636,P<0.01),观察组低于对照组(t>2.319,P<0.05);观察组BBS评分和6分钟步行距离高于对照组(t>2.541,P<0.05)。结论早期卧位踏车训练对下肢重度烧伤患者功能恢复有一定促进作用。